This picture of Patty Willis was taken by a professional photographer at her home in Charles Town. The painting behind her is "Fishermens' Homes."

Artist Patty Willis (1879-1953) was a painter, printmaker, designer, sculptor, and art historian from Jefferson County, West Virginia. Willis studied at the Corcoran Gallery School of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Pratt Institute.

Artistic Training

Willis began her formal art training in 1908 at the Corcoran School of Art in Washington, D.C.. Later that year she traveled to Chicago to continue her studies at the Chicago Art Institute, where she remained until receiving her certificate of completion in 1912. She specialized in life drawing, portrait classes and oil painting. While pursuing post graduate work at the Institute from 1912 to 1913, she was asked first to be an assistant teacher and then to head an extension department.

She moved to New York to continue her studies at the Pratt Institute from 1917 to 1918. She also worked as an occupational therapist at an army hospital in New York, helping rehabilitate soldiers wounded in World War I. By 1917 she had become associated with the artist colony at Provincetown, Massachusetts. She showed two paintings in the 1917 exhibit of the Provincetown Art Association. Her association with Provincetown would continue for nearly the rest of her life.

Willis sculpting at the Pratt Institute in New York

Willis sculpting at the Pratt Institute in New York

Photo of an Army hospital for World War I soldiers where Willis served as an occupational therapist. An arrow is drawn on the photo showing her.

European Study

After World War I Willis toured Europe and the Middle East. She traveled to London, Paris, Constantinople, Cairo, Athens and throughout Italy. While in Paris during the 1920s she studied with Fernand Leger (1891-1955). The exact years Willis spent in Europe are not clear.


One of the murals Willis painted for Charles Town High School as part of the WPA

Artistic Career

1920s

In 1923 one of her paintings was accepted by the Norfolk Society of Arts. Also, in that year her painting entitled "Fishermen's Homes" was accepted for the Biennial Exhibition at the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.. The review of that exhibition in the December 29, 1923 Art News noted "Fishermen's Homes" for its novelty of handling as well as color, making it "one of the outstanding pictures at the Corcoran show." The same painting was shown at the Carnegie Institute in 1925, where, again, it was noted favorably by the Pittsburgh Post. During the 1920s she also displayed works at the Art Institute of Chicago and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. However, she did not show any paintings in the Provincetown Art Association exhibits again until 1929.


1930s

The 1930s were Willis' most active years in Provincetown. Her paintings were included in the Art Association's exhibits in 1930, 1935, 1937 and 1938. Her name was included on the list of juries for the modern shows of the Association in the mid-1930s, evidence of her esteem among her artist peers. Her two paintings in the 1936 show received favorable mention from Edward Alden Jones, art critic of the New York Times, who wrote, "I thought Patty Willis's pair of abstractions 'Cup' and 'Tree' charmingly and whimsically inventive." In his review of the 1937 exhibition, Jones chided several of the "Moderns" for their increasingly staid approach, but complemented Willis for her painting "Rhythm of Life on the Water." A regional show receiving national attention during the 1930s was the Cumberland Valley Exhibition, held annually at the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts in Hagerstown, Maryland. Willis won first prize at the Exhibition in 1935 for her lithograph "Weather Cock." She again won first prize in 1939 for her oil painting "Under Breezy Nets." In 1937 Willis also exhibited with the Society of International Artists at the Grand Central Palace in New York and won the attention of Alfred R. Barr of the Museum of Modern Art. In 1939 Willis was notified by Thomas C. Colt, Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, that one of her paintings had been accepted for display at the art exhibition at the New York World's Fair. She also exhibited in Norfolk and Richmond in that year. Willis completed several works for the Works Progress Administration (WPA) during the 1930s, including two murals in the entrance hall of the Charles Town High School. Many local school children contributed ideas for the murals. The two panels, which depicted scenes around Jefferson County, were entitled "Cultivation: Wheels of Science and Progress" and "Nature and Recreation." Unfortunately, both murals were later painted over. But the old high school building on Congress Street remains in use as the Wright Denny Elementary School. Black and white photographs of both murals have been preserved indicating their location in the building. As part of another WPA project, Willis designed a mural for the U.S. Post Office in nearby Hagerstown, Maryland.


1940s

Willis last exhibited in the Provincetown Art Association show in 1940. In the 1940s she had several one-woman shows, including one at the Charleston (West Virginia) Art Gallery. She also contributed her skills to the war effort. In 1942 she designed a poster called "From Scrap Metal to Victory." She did a painting for the local chapter of the Red Cross in Jefferson County depicting their work during the war. Willis remained mostly at the home she shared with her sister Eliza in Charles Town during the 1940s, traveling frequently to Wytheville, Virginia, to visit the children and grandchildren of her sister Eleanor Love Pendleton. (Eleanor had died in 1908, leaving six young children. Patty, Eliza and the other siblings did their best to help fill the loss from afar.) A brother, Thomas Hite Willis, who had become a successful real estate investor in Hinsdale, Illinois, had bought a farm called Belvedere on the eastern edge of Charles Town facing the Blue Ridge Mountains. He returned there with his family for the summers. Most of her paintings during these years depicted scenes around Charles Town and Wytheville, including many at Belvedere, then a pleasant walk across open fields from her house on Mildred Street. Willis did not drive and depended on her sister Eliza to take her to spots around the county to paint. She painted portraits of her many grand-nieces and nephews, to whom she was devoted and by whom she was beloved. She also taught art classes in Charles Town for local students. In the summer of 1948 she drove from Washington, D.C. to Cape Cod with her nephew John A. Washington and his family. While they vacationed nearby, she paid her last visit to Provincetown, staying two weeks. In the last years of her life she did most of her painting in her studio in the upstairs of her house in Charles Town. Patty Willis died of heart failure in Charles Town on November 21, 1953. She was 74. She is buried in the Zion Episcopal Church Yard, a few blocks down the street from her home on Mildred Street. Buried among the surrounding graves are 75 members of the Washington family. Some years after her death, Willis' nephew, Walter Washington, who had grown up in the house next door to her, wrote of his aunt, "Although she found some of her best subjects in Northeastern fishing villages, it was the scenery and activities of her native smiling countryside that delighted her most."

(This account of Patty Willis' career is taken, in large part, from an article written by Mary Master which appeared in the June 12, 1986 issue of the Spirit of Jefferson Farmers Advocate in conjunction with an exhibit of Willis' paintings assembled as part of the Charles Town Bicentennial Celebration. Additional information was taken from Art in Narrow Streets, by Ross Moffet, 1989)

Patty Willis (center) with her two sisters, Betty Washington (left) and Eliza Willis (right) in the back yard of the house at 500 S. Mildred St. in Charles Town, WV, c. 1953. (Photo taken by Willis' nephew John A. Washington)

A painting by Willis of the Bullskin Run at Rock Hall

Rock Hall

Patty Willis was born at "Rock Hall" in Jefferson County, West Virginia on September 20, 1879, one of eight children of Nathaniel Hite Willis (1842-1914) and Jane Charlotte Washington Willis (1846-1924). Her mother, Jane, was born at Mt. Vernon, the last generation of the Washington family to live there. Patty Willis was George Washington's great-great-great-great niece. The land on which Rock Hall was built was part of a tract first surveyed and bought by George Washington in 1750. He called it the Bullskin Farm after the Bullskin Run which flows through it. The property was later bought by Thomas Hite Willis (1801-1884), a prominent county merchant who owned a number of woolen mills along the Shenandoah River. His son, Nathaniel, served in the Confederate Army and was wounded at the Battle of Trevillion Station in June, 1864. After the war Nathaniel established a successful dairy at Rock Hall which was renowned for the quality of its produce. Rock Hall butter, stamped with a signature "RH," was highly sought after by customers as far away as Washington, D.C., some sixty miles to the east across the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Willis first began to paint as a young girl at Rock Hall. A number of her early water colors depict scenes on the farm. The house at Rock Hall burned in 1906, devastating the family. Her parents, then in their sixties, decided to move to Charles Town, the county seat of Jefferson County. They built a large brick house at 500 South Mildred Street. Patty and her two unmarried sisters, Eliza and Jean, moved into the new house with their parents. A fourth sister, Betty, and her husband, Walter Washington, soon built a house next door, where they raised their two sons, Walter and John. Numerous cousins lived on nearby streets. After their father Nathaniel died in 1914, their sister Jean, in 1919 and their mother Jane Charlotte, in 1924, Patty and Eliza (called Lila) shared the Mildred Street house for the rest of their lives. Neither ever married.